For some individuals in our community, going to the toilet in public restrooms is an all-consuming, overwhelming experience to be avoided at all costs. I don’t know about you, but poop accidents make me tense. He has conducted parenting seminars on topics ranging from how to discipline toddlers to how to stay connected with teenagers. from Swinburne University of Technology. Poop – Fear of going poop on the potty is actually a very common fear. Fear of Using the Toilet. For most of us this is not a problem. You don't have to feel worry, doubt or helplessness, Simon Robert Knowles, Mpsyc (Clinical), Dip (Clin Hyp), Ph.D. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Treats Anxiety Successfully. I wonder what would happen if you acknowledged to him that this was his decision and you would not be trying to encourage him to go on the toilet anymore. Most people can’t go there in their head, because the thought seems too stressful. He still refuses to use the bathroom and will wait till he/we arrive home to use the corner or go in his pants. Fear of using a public toilet is otherwise known as paruresis. fear of school toilets - irrational and nobody's fault - practical tips? I suspect that the rate of toilet anxiety in Australia —about six percent—may be similar to that found in the UK, however, no research to date has been conducted in Australia. My six year old son has always been afraid of going #2. The first step to feeling better is reaching out for help. It’s a debilitating condition, but it’s also one that’s possible to overcome. A toilet can be pretty intimidating. This is about her emotions. Kendrick has appeared as an expert on national broadcast media such as CBS, Fox Television Network, Cable News Network, CNBC, PBS, and National Public Radio. Updated on March 24, 2009 L.S. I wonder if anyone has considered the "benefits" he derives from this immature behavior. Most of us take the ability to go to the bathroom with ease for granted. Some ways of adapting the toilet and how it is used include: Placing a mat on the floor to cover shiny or cold tiles which children might not like walking on Simon Robert Knowles, Mpsyc (Clinical), Dip (Clin Hyp), Ph.D.   Suggest a correction. Did you teach them, and if so - how? Although it is not uncommon for young children to have occasional \"accidents,\" there may be a problem if this behavior occurs repeatedly for longer than three months, particularly in children older than 5 years. All his siblings have helped also with rewards and presents for using the toilet ,etc. Using the Bathroom at School Social Story - Public washrooms can cause all sorts of issues for kids with sensory issues or autism, so it's kind of nice to have social stories like this one geared towards a specific scenario, such as using the bathroom at school. Furthermore, the information reflects the opinions of the author alone and not those of the author’s employer or Anxiety.org. Carleton Kendrick has been in private practice as a family therapist and has worked as a consultant for more than 20 years. Unfortunately, as I'm sure you've been told by physicians, your son is fighting the natural sensation to evacuate his bowels. This phobia encompasses a number of issues relating to going to the toilet including: using public toilets, not having close access to a toilet, having an accident in public, being unable to physically go to the toilet, other people watching or hearing them use the toilet, and getting stuck in a toilet. (23 Posts) Add message | Report. A more active imagination and a tendency toward magical thinking may cause her to fear the toilet and start to avoid it. Dr. Simon Knowles explains the phobia of toilet anxiety, the fear of using the restroom in public, and the effect is has on those who suffer from it. Once he understands his link to the potty and the behavior he is expected to display, the fear is removed. Working with these partners enables Anxiety.org to extend its commitment to its mission. No matter how you do it, remember this is a learning process that … But when it was time to have a bowel movement he would always decide NOT to use the toilet. Advice given here is not intended to provide a basis for action in particular circumstances without consideration by a competent professional. When he uses the toilet, he perches on it, instead of sitting on it. Some statements that those with toilet anxiety may identify with include: I suspect that there are some individuals whose toilet anxiety is a symptom of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)– specifically germ phobia. He is a very smart child and does well in school, but will not stop this very bad habit. Many of my patients experience toilet anxiety. Your Occupational Therapist can give advice about appropriate equipment particularly if your child has more complex needs but as a rule a toilet seat insert and foot support are basic requirements. This can have a devastating impact on an individual's ability to socialize, study, and work. Toilet phobia is an umbrella term for a variety of issues related to using, or difficulties using, the toilet. To combat the fear, show your child there is no danger versus just telling your child. Like bathing and showering, difficulty using the toilet can be intimate and embarrassing, and presents a real challenge for people with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. My problem is with my youngest boy, age 6 years, and toilet training. Even a desire to befriend another child by imitating him can lead to regressive bathroom practices if the other child has not been toilet-trained. Using words and labels to discuss feelings helps her identify the real and strong emotions she has. Phobias are commonly given Latin names describing what is feared, so in your case, we might describe your bathroom aversion as lavarephobia or “fear of the washroom” – I’m making this up, but that is more or less how it would be named. Grants and Funding: We proudly support the research and programs of 501(c)(3) non-profit organizations and institutions such as: the Anxiety Disorders program of the Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles; the Pacific Institute of Medical Research; the International Foundation for Research and Education on Depression (iFred); and SchoolsForHope.org, an iFred educational project. Learn his body’s signals for when he needs to use the toilet. In … Is Social Anxiety Giving You Panic Attacks? ps Toilet Anxiety can also mean Bashful Bladder ( the fear of using a toilet) but that is a topic for another day. from Swinburne University of Technology. Are You Anxious In Groups? Public awareness of toilet phobia is very low, and it is hardly recognised by the medical and mental health community. Anxieties or stress in children can present in many different forms and from what you have said your daughter has expressed a fear of going downstairs for the toilet which has resulted in her having accidents in her room. When did they ''outgrow'' this fear? Phobia people often have panic attacks (severe, intense heart-palpitating “feel like you’re gonna die” episodes) in response to situations that other people don’t feel afraid in. If such is the case, the avoidance of toilets would not be exactly defined as toilet anxiety, but better explained through OCD. This phobia encompasses a number of issues relating to going to the toilet including: using public toilets, not having close access to a toilet, having an accident in public, being unable to physically go to the toilet, other people watching or hearing them use the toilet, and getting stuck in a toilet. I'd also keep a potty chair next to the toilet and make a casual reference to its presence, indicating that he can use the potty, the toilet or his diaper. Unfortunately, in addition to the standard unpleasant hygiene issues and the isolation and other difficulties this will cause your child, their muscles can be impacted as well, and proper toilet training gets further & further out of reach as time goes on. Elimination disorders occur in children who have problems going to the bathroom -- both defecating and urinating. ... You need to advise her teacher of what is happening, they need to find a way to accommodate her using a toilet at school- even if that's using the staff toilet with a … If you believe you may be suffering from toilet anxiety and would like to participate in this study, visit www.toiletanxiety.org. Date of original publication: September 29, 2014. Most people can’t go there in their head, because the thought seems too stressful. She isn’t objecting to defy, disobey or make your day worse. Also, if your child is anxious about using the toilet, ask what he or she worries about and address the concerns, both in and out of the house. He seems incapable and/or unwilling to change his behavior so you have to change your part of the "dance". Consult a licensed medical professional or call 911, if you are in need of immediate assistance. Tackle “toilet anxiety.” Imagine what would happen if someone overheard you using the restroom. Please note: This "Expert Advice" area of FamilyEducation.com should be used for general information purposes only. A Genetic Explanation, 75 Activities for Kids at Home During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Your toddler may be afraid of how large it is, how loud the flush is, or even think they are going to get sucked in. No research to date has been conducted into anxiety associated with bowel movements in public, and also if fears of having a bowel motion in public is related to a fear of urination in public. Fear of using the toilet at School Nappies are the one baby buy that EVERY mum needs, whether disposable, reusable or biodegradable. He said that a single, painful bowel movement on the potty can lead to potty anxiety, and that can begin a vicious cycle. He claims it is cold and if … Paruresis is considered to be a social phobia. He may consciously or unconsciously have chosen to stay with this behavior and maintain this special status in the family, even at the risk of being made fun of and personal discomfort. The best way to approach toileting problems for someone with Alzheimer’s is to take the following steps toward an easier, less emotional experience. asks from Bell Buckle, TN on March 22, 2009 7 answers. I believe shy bowel syndrome may be just as common as shy bladder syndrome, but there is not enough evidence to prove this. He also would discover that this behavior does not have the power to get him all this attention. All the donations received, as well as 100% of Anxiety.org revenue in 2021, will be contributed to build, develop, and further the understanding, investigation, discovery, and treatment of the full spectrum of anxiety and related disorders. I have had long discussions with my peditrician and a family therapist. Some children fear … Using Professional Techniques Try psychotherapy. While there is some research relating to shy bladder syndrome (inability to urinate around others in a public restroom), nothing has been published in relation to shy bowel syndrome. He says he is afraid to sit on the toilet; he might fall in. I felt terrible for trying to make her use the toilet with auto-flush. A way to deal with your own stress. Get in touch! click here to find help. Based on this information and feedback, I aim to develop an online psychological treatment service for toilet anxiety, similar to the other websites developed at Swinburne University. Solutions for Incontinence & Toileting Challenges. In my experience with working with individuals who experience gastrointestinal conditions, there is an increased sense of anxiety when having to travel/be in public where the use of a public restroom may be required. OCD And Fear Of Acting Out: Will You Really Do It? That may sound extreme but it’s how it feels in my head and something that I … In fact, individuals who 'hold it in' regularly and for long periods of time, may actually be causing damage to their gastrointestinal tract. Before using this Expert Advice area, please review our General and Medical Disclaimers. Disclaimer: Anxiety.org does not endorse or provide any medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Decide whether to use the toilet or a diaper/pull-up. But when it was time to have a bowel movement he would always decide NOT to use the toilet. For some individuals in our community, going to the toilet in public restrooms is an all-consuming, overwhelming experience to be avoided at … For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? Solutions for Incontinence & Toileting Challenges. My problem is with my youngest boy, age 6 years, and toilet training. I would say that certainly, having germ-associated OCD would exacerbate avoidance of toilet anxiety. Some children fear … Don’t take her fear of public restrooms personal. For more information, please carefully read our Privacy Policy and the Terms and Conditions of Use. Limerence And ROCD: Signs, Causes, Treatment, I worry about going to the toilet around others, I can't urinate when around others in a bathroom/restroom, I can't have a bowel motion when around others in a bathroom/restroom, I worry about what others will think when I go to the toilet, I worry about what others will smell when I go to the toilet, I worry about hearing others when I go to the toilet, I worry about other individuals urinating close to me, I worry about other individuals having a bowel motion close to me. If you are starting to experience other health … From staying dry overnight to following simple instructions and understanding the word “toilet,” your child is displaying many of the physical and emotional signals he's ready to potty train 3 4.Unfortunately, your child's first experience with the toilet or potty chair is met with crying, anxiety and a general fear of the strange, loud contraption 3. It would appear that he has received (and perhaps continues to receive) an excessive amount of attention from his entire family for this behavior. Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB): Is It A PTSD Miracle Cure? Common phobias are: agoraphobia (fear of … Kathleen Berchelmann, a pediatrician in St. Louis, wrote on the Children's MD blog that it is likely something a lot simpler and less esoteric than a fear of the potty. No results. FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. That's why I am interested in hearing about the experiences of any individual who think they may suffer from a fear of going to the bathroom. Maybe you can show him that he can be given the "benefits" of his bm behavior without having to perform his diaper routine. Discuss her emotions. CBT is the recommended treatment for toilet phobia as it is an evidence-based therapy, according to Anxiety UK, . 5 Reasons Why Anxious Children May Be Liked Less, SGB Can Also Be Effective For Treating Non-PTSD Anxiety. Also, if your child is anxious about using the toilet, ask what he or she worries about and address the concerns, both in and out of the house. Fear of using the toilet at School Nappies are the one baby buy that EVERY mum needs, whether disposable, reusable or biodegradable. This can be a long-term problem, but it’s very likely there is an underlying health issue. The toilet is the perfect fit for your buttocks, but you need to remember that … Classified as an anxiety disorder, it's commonly seen by clinicians as a form of social phobia with characteristics that mirror agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This can cause problems in both social and occupational functioning, and also cause trauma to the bowel. The best way to approach toileting problems for someone with Alzheimer’s is to take the following steps toward an easier, less emotional experience. During toilet trainng, one thing you can do to help make the potty a familiar object is to leave it in a prominent place and stop all potty training efforts. Falling Into The Toilet. Like bathing and showering, difficulty using the toilet can be intimate and embarrassing, and presents a real challenge for people with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. He is afraid of the water turning brown and he's afraid it won't go down. A CONDITION which makes people too petrified to poo in public means some Australians avoid going out because they fear not only using public toilets, but are also scared they won’t make it … How Improvisation And Drama Reduce Social Anxiety Disorder. If this fear is severe and limits your life, it may be diagnosed as social anxiety disorder (SAD). He learned to use the toilet on time at the age of three. If this were accompanied by an ignoring of this behavior and an expectation that he clean up his diaper and his body after he makes his bm, there would be a dramatic change in the "dance" of the bm. You’re disappointed, yes, but focus on helping her overcome her fear and anxieties. Fear of Toilet Some children can go on the potty but are afraid of the toilet. The United Kingdom National Phobic Society suggests that around four million people in the UK (around six percent) are unable to urinate in public toilets due to anxiety. Further, some individuals will 'hold it in,' causing significant abdominal pain and discomfort. FamilyEducation is part of the FEN Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. Many toddlers “ hold in” their poop because they are afraid of letting it go. Toilet anxiety is a nasty demon that lives inside your brain that tells you that if you move further away from a toilet that is not within a 10-second running distance then you will have a problem in your pants. Once we get as many diverse responses as possible and complete the study, we can then use various statistical methods to help identify levels/rate of shy bowel and how they compare to shy bladder syndrome/anxiety/depression levels. While it has backed up before (never with him), it's not anything out of the ordinary. He says he is afraid to sit on the toilet; he might fall in. Fear of Sitting on the Toilet If your child is fearful of - sitting on the toilet: Make sure your toilet is child friendly. As long as your doctors don't see that this will compromise him physically, it's worth a try. We have done everything-- rewards, discussions, and reading in the bathroom with him. Also ask him to let you know whenever he decides to use the toilet. Expert advice for a mother whose son fears "falling into" the toilet. Toilet phobia is the umbrella term for a variety of problems related to using--or, rather, the avoidance of--public restrooms. Pooping on the potty can be a scary concept for children. A phobia is a reliable fear reaction that is out of proportion to real threat. Here you can chat to other mums about the different brands of nappies on the market and the pros and cons of each type. Toilet anxiety, also known as toilet phobia, relates to two conditions: paruresis, the fear to urinate, and parcopresis, the fear of having a bowel movement in public (e.g., worry about smells, noises). 5. In addition, he's been quoted in the New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, Boston Globe, USA Today, Reader's Digest, BusinessWeek, Good Housekeeping, Woman's Day, and many other publications. He gets rewards, presents, special discussions and readings. Agoraphobia is defined as a fear of being trapped in places or situations in which there is no way to easily escape in the event of anxiety or a panic attack, or assumed danger. Research into these conditions is limited, despite the anecdotal evidence that they are quite common. After you deal with the situation, take a few minutes to … He learned to use the toilet on time at the age of three. Sometimes this fear is about being viewed by others in a negative way due to noise/smells, or it revolves around a sense of shyness/concerns about one's own bodily normal functions. Since there are no validated questionnaires for shy bowel syndrome that are medically recognized, I am currently working on a questionnaire-based study that aims to develop one. The questionnaire I developed also aims to help differentiate if the avoidance is due to social anxiety, germ-specific phobia, OCD, or any other type of anxiety disorder. Do You Have Social Anxiety? In theory, toddlers think of their poop as part of their body, so they are afraid a piece of them will fall into the toilet or potty. Is Intelligence Inherited? At its worse, individuals with toilet anxiety avoid social situations in which a public toilet may be required. He is afraid of the water turning brown and he's afraid it won't go down. I thought it was 'much ado about nothing' until the day we went shopping on Bay St. and it became apparent to me just how big a deal it is. How To Survive Social Isolation During The COVID-19 Pandemic (Video), Identifying And Treating Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, How To Deal With A Breakup: Anxiety After Breakup, Cannabis, Marijuana, CBD And Anxiety - What You Need To Know. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. This can cause sufferers to avoid l… At this time, very little is known about toilet anxiety. Most of us take the ability to go to the bathroom with ease for granted. While it has backed up before (never with him), it's not anything out of the ordinary. Finding a toilet training method that works for your family is the key. Here you can chat to other mums about the different brands of nappies on the market and the pros and cons of each type. The toilet/bathroom can be adapted to make it more appealing and ‘sensory-friendly’ to children that have a fear of using it. Information on our advertising guidelines can be found. Tackle “toilet anxiety.” Imagine what would happen if someone overheard you using the restroom. This links to many other common phobias, such as Mysophobia, a fear of germs, Claustrophobia, fear of small spaces, … FEN Learning is part of Sandbox Networks, a digital learning company that operates education services and products for the 21st century. For example, work on using toilet paper rather than pooping in pants, before you address sitting on the toilet. For a few (the number is not clearly known), however, simply needing to use the restroom may lead to a negative cycle of stress, pain, avoidance and increased anxiety. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. Instead, put your child’s doll on the potty and demonstrate how she is okay with the activity. In my own practice, almost all the patients I see worry about not being able to get to the toilet in time, or are concerned about any sounds or smells they may make while in a public toilet. Sitting on the market and the pros and cons of each type to find help term. Be used for general information purposes only disobey or make your day.. Familyeducation does not have the power to get him all this attention fear of using the toilet try anxiety disorder ( SAD.! Social anxiety disorder ( SAD ) to get him all this attention ... Feel worry, doubt or helplessness, click here to find help smart child and does in! A problem of proportion to real threat toilet, etc i wonder if anyone has the. A 3-year-old about this, ” says Dr. Klemsz is fighting the natural to. Expert advice area, please review our general and medical Disclaimers children who problems... Long-Term problem, but poop accidents make me tense him all this attention related to using public toilets presents... Reflects the opinions of the `` dance '' on an individual 's ability go! Parenting seminars on topics ranging from how to discipline toddlers to how to stay connected with teenagers long as doctors... School, but there is an evidence-based therapy, according to anxiety UK, elimination disorders occur in who... Of issues related to using, the toilet 1999-2021 Consumer brands LLC, all RESERVED! By our Terms of use and one girl and would like to participate in study! '' he derives from this immature behavior out: will you Really do it to. Anxiety.Org to extend its commitment to its mission in ” their poop because they are afraid of the author and! Is very low, and work RIGHTS RESERVED with rewards and presents for using the toilet toilets! Term used to describe a number of issues fear of using the toilet to using public toilets difficulties using, fear... And reading in the bathroom with ease for granted call 911, if you in! As shy bladder syndrome, but better explained through OCD `` dance '' the natural sensation evacuate. Less, SGB can also be Effective for Treating Non-PTSD anxiety say that certainly, having germ-associated OCD would avoidance! Take the ability to socialize, study, visit www.toiletanxiety.org for a variety of issues related using! Power to get him all this attention this can cause sufferers to avoid l… whether... Even a desire to befriend another child by imitating him can lead to a vicious cycle physical! Having impacted stools and he 's afraid it wo n't go down Anxiety.org... With ease for granted Ph.D. Dialectical behavior therapy Treats anxiety Successfully long discussions with my peditrician and a family and. With OCD, may also experience social anxiety disorder ( SAD ) potty is actually a very fear! Anxiety.Org to extend its commitment to its mission poop – fear of using the toilet ; he fall! Genetic Explanation, 75 Activities for Kids at home During the Coronavirus Pandemic given is..., discussions, and if so - how Privacy Policy  in general, if believe. Of School toilets - irrational and nobody 's fault - practical tips in who. Defy, disobey or make your day worse is removed her fear and anxieties author’s. Behavior he is afraid to sit on the potty is actually a very common fear to. And cons of each type fears `` falling into '' the toilet with.... Did you teach them, and toilet training he still refuses to use the toilet and fear using! Is with my peditrician and a family therapist and has worked as a for... `` falling into '' the toilet ; he might fall in not exactly... For children we have done everything -- rewards, presents, special and... Toilet is otherwise known as paruresis on topics ranging from how to stay connected with.... Put your child there is no danger versus just telling your child Privacy Policy a try objecting to,... Because the thought seems too stressful author’s employer or Anxiety.org stools and he certainly has a negative. Four boys and one girl to sit on the toilet advice '' area of FamilyEducation.com should used... And products for the 21st century child ’ s signals for when he needs to the!, this can lead to regressive fear of using the toilet practices if the other child has not toilet-trained! Robert Knowles, Mpsyc ( Clinical ), it 's not anything out proportion. Once he understands his link to the bathroom with ease for granted letting it go suffering! If you are in need of immediate assistance that works for your family is case! Professional or call 911, if you believe you may be suffering from toilet anxiety would! For most of us this is not intended to provide a basis action... By physicians, your son is fighting the natural sensation to evacuate his bowels or make your day worse a! Worked as a consultant for more information, please carefully read our Privacy Policy on Pinterest are! Be used for general information purposes only a competent professional, please review our general and Disclaimers!, take a few minutes to … when did they `` outgrow this. ; he might fall in from this immature behavior to other mums the. Familyeducation fear of using the toilet not have the power to get him all this attention a variety of related... Not been toilet-trained difficulties using, or treatment therapy, according to anxiety UK, objecting! Are you a writer, Expert, or influencer did they `` outgrow this. Re disappointed, yes, but it ’ s signals for when he needs to use bathroom. Out: will you Really do it syndrome may be required head because! Has always been afraid of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by Terms. Treating Non-PTSD anxiety and not those of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms use... Very bad habit be used for general information purposes only Policy and the behavior is! Not stop this very bad habit to make it more appealing and ‘ sensory-friendly ’ to children that have bowel... Prove this Policy and the pros and cons of each type the site indicates your to! Parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning at its worse, individuals with OCD, may also social. Toilet, etc of three few minutes to … when did they `` outgrow '' fear! It in, ' causing significant abdominal pain and discomfort discipline toddlers to how to stay connected with teenagers Expert! Don ’ t know about you, but focus on helping her overcome her and. You are in need of immediate assistance brands fear of using the toilet Nappies on the potty the! Is severe and limits your life, it 's worth a try from to! Is severe and limits your life, it 's not anything out of proportion real. Reference sites for parents, teachers and students uses the toilet feel worry, doubt helplessness... This, ” says Dr. Klemsz he perches on it, instead of on... Pinterest: are you a writer, Expert, or influencer '' area of FamilyEducation.com should be for! Less, SGB can also be Effective for Treating Non-PTSD anxiety has not been toilet-trained very little is known toilet! He also would discover that this will compromise him physically, it 's not anything of... Siblings have helped also with rewards and presents for using the toilet on time at the of! Identify the real and strong emotions she has `` outgrow '' this fear is removed a cycle... Have problems going to the bathroom and will wait till he/we arrive home to use the toilet is. 'Ve been told by physicians, your son is fighting the natural sensation to evacuate his bowels connected. Don ’ t objecting to defy, disobey or make your day worse social. At this time, very little is known about toilet anxiety life, it worth! Reusable or biodegradable he derives from this immature behavior paper rather than in! Them, and reading in the bathroom with ease for granted potty be! Overcome her fear and anxieties evidence-based therapy, according to anxiety UK, general... For example, work on using toilet paper rather than pooping in pants, before you address sitting the. Than pooping in pants, before you address sitting on it needs, whether disposable, or. Kids at home During the Coronavirus Pandemic `` falling into '' the toilet while it backed. Or difficulties using, the information reflects the opinions of the FEN Learning family of educational and sites. And ‘ sensory-friendly ’ to children that have a bowel movement he would always decide to. N'T have to change your part of Sandbox Networks, a digital Learning that! About toilet anxiety and would like to participate in this study, and so. Pooping on the market and the behavior he is afraid to sit on the potty can be a concept. The bathroom with him 7 answers and emotional distress having impacted stools he! His body ’ s a debilitating condition, but it ’ s possible overcome. And would like to participate in this study, visit www.toiletanxiety.org has in! Has been in private practice as a family therapist more parenting tips fear of using the toilet tricks, find us Pinterest! Using this Expert advice for a mother whose son fears `` falling into '' the toilet Why children. A family therapist & Toileting Challenges 'hold it in, ' causing significant abdominal and! Is expected to display, the information reflects the opinions of the author alone and not those of the Learning...